Page 1: Maths (Addition, Subtraction and Multiplication)
Addition
Addition is when you have one number, '5' for example, and add it with another number, '4' for another example. 5+4=9. It can get very complicated and you can add more than two numbers together. If you are adding 10 to a one-digit number (0-9) you can just replace the zero in the ten with the one-digit number. Adding 0, however, doesn't change a number at all. If you want to undo an addition, you have to subtract.
Subtraction
Subtraction is the opposite of addition. Instead of combining two numbers together, you are taking a number away from a bigger one. if we want to subtract 5 from 9, we will show it as 9-5. If we take 5 away from 9, we will get 4, which can make 4+5=9. What helps in subtraction is number bonds, which are the numbers that add up to ten. If we do 10-7, we know that 7+3=10, so we can say 10-7=3.
Multiplication
Multiplication is more confusing than addition and subtraction, but it actually still uses addition. If we wanted to do 8x2, it would be the same as 8+8, or 2+2+2+2+2+2+2+2. Multiplying by 10 is easy though. You just need to replace the 1 in 10 with the number you are multiplying by. For example, 4x10=40. Below is a grid of all the multiplications from 1x1 to 10x10.
| X | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 |
| 3 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 30 |
| 4 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 |
| 5 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 |
| 6 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 30 | 36 | 42 | 48 | 54 | 60 |
| 7 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35 | 42 | 49 | 56 | 63 | 70 |
| 8 | 8 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 64 | 72 | 80 |
| 9 | 9 | 18 | 27 | 36 | 45 | 54 | 63 | 72 | 81 | 90 |
| 10 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |